Non-invasive monitoring is a research area that focuses on the development and implementation of technologies and methods to monitor the physiological parameters of individuals without the need for invasive procedures such as surgery or needle pricks. These monitoring techniques typically involve the use of sensors, wearable devices, imaging techniques, and other non-invasive tools to track various health and wellness indicators, such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. Non-invasive monitoring allows for continuous and real-time monitoring of patients in a less invasive and more comfortable manner, making it a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in various settings, from hospitals to home care.